GSH and Horses
Understanding Nature's Strategy for Oxidative Balance in the Horse:
The Glutathione Story
Article Contents
1. GSH and the Secret of Mother's Milk
2. What Does GlutaSyn Do?
3. About Dr. Gustavo Bounous
4. Taking it to the People
5. Radicals at the Root of Things
6. Oxygen Never Sleeps
7. Radicals in Action
8. Antioxidants: Department of Defense
9. GSH: Barometer of Oxidative Stress
10. GSH Nutrition
11. GSH Facts and Fallacies
12. Oxidative Stress in Horses
13. References

13. References

1. Bounous G., Hampson L.G., Gurd, F.N. Cellular nucleotides in hemorrhagic shock. Relationship of intestinal metabolic changes to hemorrhagic enteritis and the barrier function of intestinal mucosa. Ann. Surg. 160:650; 1964.
2. Bounous G., Kongshavn P.A., The effect of dietary amino acids on immune reactivity. Immunology 35(2):257-66; 1978.
3. Bounous G., Letourneau L., Kongshavn P.A.L. Influence of dietary protein type on the immune system of mice. J. Nutr. 113(7):1415-21; 1983.
4. ibid
5. ibid
6. ibid
7. Baruchel S., Bounous G., Gold P. Place for an antioxidant therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection. Pasquier C, et al. (eds). Basel: Birkhauser Verlag. 312-313; 1994.
8. Bounous, G., Kongshavn, P.A.L., Gold, P. The immunoenhancing property of dietary whey protein concentrate. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 11(4): 271-278; 1988.
9. Bounous G., Stevenson M.M., Kongshavn P.A.L. Influence of dietary lactalbumin hydrolysate on the immune system of mice and resistance to Salmonellosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 144:281; 1981.
10. Bounous G., Kongshavn P.A.L. The influence of protein type in nutritionally adequate diets on the development of immunity. In Absorption of Amino Acids, Friedman, M. (ed.) C.R.C. Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, Vol. 2, pp. 219-233; 1989.
11. Bounous G., Kongshavn P.A.L. The effect of dietary amino acid on the growth of tumors. Experientia 37:271-272; 1981.
12. Bounous G., Sadarangani C., Pang K.C., Kongshavn P.A.L. Effect of dietary amino acid on tumor growth and cell mediated immunity. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 4:109-115; 1981.
13. Visek W.J. Dietary Protein and experimental carcinogenesis. Adv. Exp. Biol. 206:163-186; 1986.
14. Bounous G., Papenburg R., Kongshavn P.A.L., Gold P., Fleiszer D. Dietary whey protein inhibits the development of dimethylhydrazine induced malignancy. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 11:213-217; 1988.
15. McIntosh G.H., Regester G.Q., Le Leu R.K., Royle P.J. Dairy proteins protect against dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal cancer in rats. J. Nutr. 125:809-816; 1995.
16. Bounous G., Batist G., Gold P. Whey proteins in cancer prevention. Cancer Letters 57:91-94; 1991.
17. Birt D.F., Baker P.Y., Hruza D.S. Nutritional evaluations of three dietary levels of lactalbumin throughout the lifespan of two generations of Syrian hamsters. J. Nutr. 112:2151-60; 1982.
18. Birt D.F., Schuldt G.H., Salmasi S. Survival of hamsters fed graded levels of two protein sources. Lab. Anim. Sci. 32:363-6; 1982.
19. Bounous G., Gervais F., Amer V., Batist G., Gold P. The influence of dietary whey protein on tissue glutathione and the diseases of aging. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 12:343-349; 1989.
20. Lomaestro B.M., Malone M., Glutathione in Health and Disease: Pharmacotherapeutic Issues. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 29: 1263-1273; 1995.
21. Lands L.C., Gray V.L., Smountas A.A., The Effect of Supplementation With a Cysteine Donor on Muscular Performance. Presented at the Association Palmonaire due Quebec, Quebec City, October 1998. In revision, J. Appl. Physiol. 1999.
22. Levine S.A., Kidd P.M., Antioxidant Adaptation - Its Role in Free Radical Pathology. San Leandro, CA. Biocurrents Division, Allergy Research Group. 1985. pp. 13-20.
23. ibid pp. 38-41.
24. ibid pp. 121-123.
25. ibid pp. 136-140.
26. ibid pp. 160-168.
27. ibid pp. 140-141.
28. Bellomo G., Orrenius S. Altered Thiol and Calcium Homeostasis in Oxidative Hepatocellular Injury. Hepatology 5(5): 876-882; 1985.
29. Valberg S.J. Muscular Causes of Exercise Intolerance in Horses. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract. 12(3):495-515; 1996.
30. Lomaestro, B.M., Malone, M. Glutathione in Health and Disease: Pharmacotherapeutic Issues. Ann. Pharma. 29:1263-73; 1995.
31. ibid
32. Levine, S.A, Kidd P.M., pp. 48-51. 1985.
33. Meister, A. The Antioxidant Effects of Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid. In Pasquier et al., (eds.) Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection. Basel: Birkauser Verlag, 1994. 101-110.
34. Baruchel S, Bounous G, Gold P. Place for an antioxidant therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection. Pasquier C, et al. (eds). Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, 1994. 312-313.
35. Levine and Kidd, pp. 114-115. 1985
36. Dr. John T. Pinto, in: Gutman J., Scehettini S., The Ultimate GSH Handbook. Montreal, Canada. Gutman & Scehettini, Enr.,1998. p. 11.
37. Bounous G., Gold P. The biological activity of undenatured whey protein: Role of Glutathione.. Clin. Inves. Med. 14:296-309; 1991.
38. Anderson M.E., Meister A. Transport and direct utilization of gamma-glutamylcyst(e)ine for glutathione synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,. 80:707-711; 1983.
39. Dringen R, Hamprecht B. N-acetylcysteine, but not methionine or 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, serves as cysteine donor for the synthesis of glutathione in cultured neurons derived from embryonal rat brain. Neurosci. Lett. 259(2):79-82; 1999. (abstract)
40. Levine and Kidd, p. 227. 1985
41. Lomaestro B.M., Malone M. Glutathione in Health and Disease: Pharmacotherapeutic Issues. Ann. Pharma. 29:1263-73; 1995.
42. ibid
43. ibid
44. Bray TM, Taylor CG. Enhancement of tissue glutathione for antioxidant and immune functions in malnutrition. Biochem Pharm 47(12):2115-2117; 1994.
45. Hazelton, G.A., Lang, C.A. Glutathione Content of Tissues in the Aging Mouse. Biochem. J. 188:25-31; 1980.
46. Somersall, A.C., Bounous, G. Breakthrough in Cell Defense. Smyrna, GA. GOLDENeight Publishers. 1999. P. 131.
47. ibid p. 135.
48. Birnbaum S.M., Winitz M., Greenstein J.P. Quantitative nutritional studies with water-soluble, chemically defined diets. III. Individual amino acids as sources of "non-essential" nitrogen. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 72:428-36; 1957.
49. Lomaestro, B.M., Malone, M. Glutathione in Health and Disease: Pharmacotherapeutic Issues. Ann. Pharma. 29:1263-73; 1995.
50. Bounous G., Kongshavn P.A., The effect of dietary amino acids on immune reactivity. Immunology 35(2):257-66; 1978.
51. Bounous G., Letourneau L., Kongshavn P.A.L. Influence of dietary protein type on the immune system of mice. J. Nutr. 113(7):1415-21; 1983.
52. Bounous G., Stevenson M.M., Kongshavn P.A.L. Influence of dietary lactalbumin hydrolysate on the immune system of mice and resistance to Salmonellosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 144:281; 1981.
53. Bounous G., Kongshavn P.A.L. The influence of protein type in nutritionally adequate diets on the development of immunity. In Absorption of Amino Acids, Friedman, M. (ed.) C.R.C. Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, Vol. 2, pp. 219-233; 1989.
54. Bounous G., Gold P. The biological activity of undenatured whey protein: Role of Glutathione. Clin. Inves. Med. 14:296-309; 1991.


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